英语主动语态和被动语态的转换解析

英语主动语态和被动语态的转换解析
1. 步骤
主动语态和被动语态可以相互转换，通常有以下三个步骤来完成：
（1）宾语变主语（即将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语）
（2）变动词（即将主动语态的动词随时态变成相应的被动语态的动词形式）
（3）加by短语（即将主动语态的主语放于by的后面，主格变宾格，有时不必指出可以省去）
★【被动语态常用介词】by表示动作的执行者或施动力， with表示用某种工具，of 表示有种原料制成（制成品可辨原料），from表示源于某种物质（制成品不可辨原料）
They speak English every day. /English is spoken by them every day. 他们每天都说英语。
2. 方式
（1）单宾语的动词：将宾语变为主语，谓语动词变为被动语态的形式。
Many people speak English.→English is spoken by many people. 很多人都说英语。

（2）双宾语的动词：一般一个指人（间接宾语），一个指物（直接宾语），变为被动语态时，通常将指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一个保留不变；有时也可将指物的直接宾语变为被动语态句子的主语，指人的间接宾语前要加to/for.

新概念英语视频
 八年级英语课本人教版
 英语人教版八年级下册

I give him a watch.→He was given a watch.→A watch was given to him. 我给他一只手表。
Her boyfriend bought her a gold watch.→She was bought a gold watch.→A gold watch was bought for her.
她男朋友送她一只金表。
（3）宾语和宾语补足语的动词：变为被动语态只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语即可，补语的位置不变。应注意的是：变为被动语态时须加上动词不定式to.常用于使役动词（make /let /have + sbdo →sbbe made/ let/ had + to do）和感官动词（hear /see /watch/feel + sb do→sb be heard/ seen/ felt + to do）中。
He made the boy work all day. →The boy was made to work all day. 他让这个男孩整天都在工作。
I saw them come into the room. →They were see n to come into the room by me. 我看到他们进房间了。
（4）介词或者副词的短语动词：变为被动语态时，要注意保证这一短语动词的完整性。
The street lights are usually turned on at 6:30. 路灯通常在6:30打开。
The children are well looked after. 孩子被照顾的很好。
（5）含有宾语从句的句子：变为被动语态时，通常用it作形式主语，宾语从句变为主语从句。即：people+v+that从句→it +be+vted+that从句→sb/sth+be +vted+to do/have done.
He is said to be very rich.→It is said that he is very rich. 据说他很富裕。
（6）祈使句的被动语态
主动句：动词+宾语
被动句： Let +原宾语+be （原形） +过去分词
否定被动句：Don’t +let 原宾语 +be （原形） +过去分词
Move the car over.→ Let the car be moved over.→ Don’t let the car be moved over. 把车挪走。
3. 作用
（1）无须指出动作执行者或动作执行者不明确
Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲。
Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。
（2）强调动作承受者
Four people were killed and thirty-one were injured in the bomb attack.
炸弹袭击造成4人死亡，31人受伤.。
（3）修辞需要
He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
他开始抱怨这个邪恶的世界，却被敲门声打断了。
4. 被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑昨天晚上被盗了。
This book was published in 1981. 这本书是1981年出版的。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
The window was broken by Mike. 窗户被Mike打破了。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天要保证8小时的睡眠。